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9 best Study Tips, how to study smarter

by shubham March 5, 2023
written by shubham
study tips

Best Study Tips

Final exams and big semester-end papers are among the most challenging aspects of the college experience. There is so much to learn, keep organized, and remember as you head into finals. Following effective study tips can help reduce stress and increase your grade point average. 

Ther are few best study tips given below.

1. Don’t Cram! 

It might be tempting to leave all your studying for that big exam up until the last minute, but research suggests that cramming does not improve longer term learning. 

Students may perform well on a test for which they’ve crammed, but that doesn’t mean they’ve truly learned the material, says an article from the American Psychological Association. Instead of cramming, studies have shown that studying with the goal of long-term retention is best for learning overall.   

2. GET ORGANISED

Taking the time to get organised will set you up well and help you achieve your learning goals.

Top study tips:

  • Invest in a diary, and use it to keep track of current assignment deadlines.
  • Bring all the material and devices you need to class, so you can participate. You may find it helpful to pack your bag the night before, so you’re ready to go first thing in the morning.

3. TAKE NOTES

To keep your brain engaged during class, take notes, which you can refer to later, as you refine your study techniques.

Notes can help store information in your long-term memory, right there in class. These notes will be important for reviewing when you’re completing assessments and assignments.

You might find it handy to condense your notes after class, so they’re clear and easy to read. Underline or highlight key points. If anything doesn’t make sense, you can seek clarification from your teacher.

You can also create visual aids like flow charts and mind maps to help simplify information. For some students, these visual aids help them remember complex information and study more effectively.

4. TALK TO YOUR TEACHER & ASK QUESTIONS

Your teacher is, in a way, a resource who is there to be used!

The VU Block Model allows you to focus on one subject at a time. Learning in a work-shop style class, you get the opportunity to know your teacher.

You can take advantage of this interactive learning environment by asking questions during or after class, where you can get fast feedback.

Teachers can further clarify any topics you find confusing. You may even be able to get a little direction on assignments before submitting.

Your teacher will no doubt be impressed with your initiative and happy to help.

5. SPACE OUT YOUR STUDYING

One of the most effective ways of studying is to space out your learning sessions.

If you break up your study load over several days, you’ll retain information far more readily than if you crammed in one long session.

This can help deeply ingrain information, allowing you to retain it for the long term.

You’ll find you achieve much better results for it.

study tips

6. CREATE A STUDY PLAN – & STICK TO IT

One top study tip is to create a schedule or plan.

This is incredibly helpful for time management and can help you reach your learning goals.

A study plan will:

  • motivate you to study, as you’ll have time dedicated to learning
  • keep you organised around work, hobbies and other commitments, as you can plan ahead
  • break your study load into manageable blocks
  • give you time to complete your assignments, ensuring they’re not rushed or last-minute.

7. Practice, practice, practice!

Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sports skills. The same should go for learning.

“If you want to be able to remember information, the best thing you can do is practice,” says Katherine Rawson. She’s a psychologist at Kent State University in Ohio. In one 2013 study, students took practice tests over several weeks. On the final test, they scored more than a full letter grade better, on average, than did students who studied the way they normally had.

8. Focus on Understanding

Memorizing means finding ways to remember and repeat facts. Understanding goes a little deeper, and means you can apply new knowledge to various scenarios and know how it relates to other concepts. College exams often test understanding, not just memorization.

9. DON’T JUST RE-READ BUT STUDY

When you are reading and re-reading texts and notes, you’re not studying. This is because you’re not engaging with the material.

You’ll discover that you have trouble remembering class notes if you’re not using active studying techniques.

Instead of reading, try:

  • creating concept maps and diagrams
  • explaining concepts to yourself step by step
  • formulating questions and problems that you can come back to and solve, effectively creating a quiz for yourself
  • becoming a teacher or tutor to your study group or partner and learning the course material by explaining concepts to them.

Read more: Most Popular Mobile Apps

Fact of Intelligent People

March 5, 2023 0 comment
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BiographyKnowledge Base

Elon Musk (American entrepreneur) Biography, Early life, Profile, Education Qualification

by shubham March 1, 2023
written by shubham

Elon Musk Biography

Elon Musk, (born June 28, 1971, Pretoria, South Africa), South African-born American entrepreneur who cofounded the electronic-payment firm PayPal and formed SpaceX, maker of launch vehicles and spacecraft. He was also one of the first significant investors in, as well as chief executive officer of, the electric car manufacturer Tesla. In addition, Musk acquired Twitter in 2022.

Elon Musk Wiki Profile

Full NameElon Reeve Musk
NicknameIron Man
Profession(s)Entrepreneur, Investor
Famous ForBeing the CEO of Tesla and Space X
Physical Stats & More
Height (approx.)in centimeters– 180 cm
in meters– 1.80 m
in feet inches– 5’ 11”
Eye ColorMoss Green
Hair ColorLight Ash Blonde
Personal Life
Date of BirthJune 28, 1971
Age (as of 2023)52 Years
BirthplacePretoria, Transvaal, South Africa
Zodiac signCancer
Signature
NationalityAmerican 
HometownPretoria, Transvaal, South Africa
School• Waterkloof House Preparatory School
• Bryanston High School
• Pretoria Boys High School
College/University• Queen’s University
• University of Pennsylvania
• Stanford University, California
Educational Qualification(s)• Bachelor of Science in Economics from University of Pennsylvania
• Bachelor of Science in Physics from University of Pennsylvania
• PhD in Energy Physics from Stanford University, California (Dropped Out)
ReligionAtheist
Ethnicity/Race• South African (from his father’s side)
• Canadian (from his mother’s side)
• British (from his grandmother’s side)
• He also has Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry 
Food HabitNon-Vegetarian
Political InclinationHe considers himself a half Republican and a half Democrate 
HobbiesReading, Playing Video Games, Travelling
Awards, Honours, Achievements2007: For his work on Tesla and SpaceX, he was awarded Inc Magazine Entrepreneur of the Year award
2008: Elon was awarded American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics George Low award for his enormous contribution for space transportation in 2007/2008
2008: Awarded National Wildlife Federation 2008 National Conservation Achievement award for SolarCity and Tesla
2009: National Space Society’s Von Braun Trophy
2010: Awarded the FAI Gold Space Medal (highest award in air and space), for designing the 1st privately developed rocket to reach orbit by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
2010: The Kitty Hawk Foundation recognized him as a Living Legend of Aviation in 2010
2011: Elom was awarded with $250,000 Heinlein Prize for Advances in Space Commercialization
2012: Awarded the ‘a Gold Medal’ (Royal Aeronautical Society’s highest award)
2015: Awarded IEEE Honorary Membership
2018: Appointed as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
2021: Time Person of the Year

Elon Musk Early life

Musk was born to a South African father and a Canadian mother. He displayed an early talent for computers and entrepreneurship. At age 12 he created a video game and sold it to a computer magazine. In 1988, after obtaining a Canadian passport, Musk left South Africa because he was unwilling to support apartheid through compulsory military service and because he sought the greater economic opportunities available in the United States.

Elon Musk Education

Musk left South Africa at the age of 17 to study at Queen’s University to take his education qualification while avoiding military duty. In part because he believed it would be simpler to obtain American citizenship this way, Musk obtained his Canadian citizenship in the same year. Musk immigrated to the US in 1992 to attend the University of Pennsylvania to study business and physics.

He first obtained a bachelor’s degree in economics before pursuing a second bachelor’s degree in physics. Musk left Penn to pursue a Ph.D. in energy physics at Stanford University in California. But since Elon Musk left Stanford after just two days to create his first company, that Ph.D. couldn’t be added to his list of degrees.

PayPal and SpaceX

Musk attended Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, and in 1992 he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, where he received bachelor’s degrees in physics and economics in 1997. He enrolled in graduate school in physics at Stanford University in California, but he left after only two days because he felt that the Internet had much more potential to change society than work in physics. In 1995 he founded Zip2, a company that provided maps and business directories to online newspapers. In 1999 Zip2 was bought by the computer manufacturer Compaq for $307 million, and Musk then founded an online financial services company, X.com, which later became PayPal, which specialized in transferring money online. The online auction eBay bought PayPal in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

Tesla

Musk had long been interested in the possibilities of electric cars, and in 2004 he became one of the major funders of Tesla Motors (later renamed Tesla), an electric car company founded by entrepreneurs Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. In 2006 Tesla introduced its first car, the Roadster, which could travel 245 miles (394 km) on a single charge. Unlike most previous electric vehicles, which Musk thought were stodgy and uninteresting, it was a sports car that could go from 0 to 60 miles (97 km) per hour in less than four seconds. In 2010 the company’s initial public offering raised about $226 million. Two years later Tesla introduced the Model S sedan, which was acclaimed by automotive critics for its performance and design. The company won further praise for its Model X luxury SUV, which went on the market in 2015. The Model 3, a less-expensive vehicle, went into production in 2017 and became the best-selling electric car of all time.

Elon Musk Net Worth

Elon Musk is a Canadian-American entrepreneur, inventor, and investor who was born in South Africa. Elon Musk net worth is 13,690 billion US dollars. Elon Musk has a variety of jobs and is always working on his newest venture, although he made the most of his money as the CEO of Tesla Motors. He is also well-known for serving as the chairman of SolarCity and the CEO and CTO of SpaceX. He currently holds the title of both the richest individual in the world and in contemporary history.

Elon Musk Biography

Also read : Biography of Larry Page

Some Lesser Known Facts About Elon Musk

  • Does Elon Musk drink alcohol?: Yes
  • He has his roots in America, Canada, South Africa and also has Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry.
  • At the age of 10, Elon started teaching himself computer programming after developing an interest in the Commodore VIC-20 (computer).
  • He sold his first video game, ‘Blastar’ to ‘PC and Office Technology’ (a magazine) for $500. He was just 12 years old at that time.
  • In his childhood, he was deeply inspired by Isaac Asimov’s book, ‘Foundation series.’
  • Elon had a very dreadful childhood as he was bullied in his school. Once, he even got hospitalized after a group of boys beat him until he became unconscious and threw him down a flight of stairs.
  • Just before his 18th birthday, Elon moved to Canada against his father’s will. His father wanted Elon to complete his graduation from Pretoria itself but Elon chose to flee since he believed that it was easier to get to the United States from Canada.
  • In 1995, after raising funds from a small group of ‘angel investors,’ Elon and his brother, Kimbal, founded ‘Zip2’ (a web software company). Elon wanted to become the CEO of Zip2 but was not allowed by the other members of the board. However, Zip2 was later acquired by Compaq in 1999.
  • In 1999. Elon co-founded an e-mail payment and online financial services company, ‘X.com.’ A year later, X.com merged with Confinity, which provided a money-transfer service called, ‘PayPal.’ In 2000, He was knocked out from his position of CEO because of some disagreement with the allied party. Elon was the largest shareholder of X.com before it was acquired by eBay in 2002.
  • In 2000, he got married to his first wife, Justine Wilson. Their first son, Nevada Alexander Musk, died just after 10 weeks of his birth due to ‘Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).’ Through “in vitro fertilization” the couple was blessed with twins and triplets in the year 2004 and 2006 respectively.
  • He drafted “Mars Oasis” in 2001. The project was aimed to gain public interest in space exploration. Elon went to Russia to buy refurbished ‘Dnepr Intercontinental ballistic missiles’ (ICBMs) for his project from the companies like NPO Lavochkin, and Kosmotras. He was spat upon by one of the Russian chief designers after Elon proposed his plan. He returned empty-handed to the US.
  • In 2002, in another meeting with the company Kosmotras, the company offered one rocket for $8 million to Elon, which he found too expensive. He left the meeting in between in anger and there he got the idea of founding a company which could build the cost-effective rockets he needed and hence Elon ended up founding “SpaceX” in May 2002.
  • In 2003, Tesla (a car manufacturer company) was co-founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. In 2004, Elon joined the company as the Chairman of the board of Directors. Amidst some financial crisis and a few conflicts in 2008, Elon became the CEO of Tesla overthrowing Martin Eberhard from the post.
  • Musk’s Salary at Tesla is ₹1 only.
  • In 2005, his aircraft: (1994) model Dassault Falcon 900, was used in the film, “Thank you for smoking.” Elon made a cameo in the film as the pilot of the plane.
  • He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board in 2006.
  • Musk provided financial support to his cousins, Lyndon, and Peter Rive, who founded ‘SolarCity’ in 2006. He also helped them by giving the initial concept of the project. Tesla, Inc wholly acquired SolarCity in 2016.
  • In 2008, Elon and Justine shared the custody of their five sons after getting separated from each other.
  • After dating actress, Talulah Riley, Elon tied the knot with her in 2010. In 2012, Musk announced a divorce with the actress. In 2013, Elon remarried her after which Musk again announced that he had filed for a second divorce from Talulah. Though the divorce was withdrawn but was later finalized in 2016.
  • In 2010, his name was among “Time‘s 100 people” who affected the world the most and was also listed among the 75 most influential people of the 21st century by Esquire magazine.
  • Musk was listed among the “America’s 20 Most Powerful CEOs 40 And Under” by Forbes in February 2011.
  • In 2013, Musk became the Fortune Businessperson of the year for SpaceX, Tesla, and SolarCity.

Elon Musk Social Profile

Elon Musk Instagram

Elon Musk Twitter

FAQs Related to Elon Musk

Who is Elon Musk?

Elon Musk is an insightful business prince who co-founded and conceptualized successful businesses like Electric car manufacturer Tesla, internet-based payment system PayPal, online city guide software company Zip2, Spaceship and rocket designer company X, affordable tunnel construction company The Boring Co., Brain-machine designing company Neuralink. 

Who is Elon Musk’s Wife?

Elon Musk got married and divorced thrice. The marriage that lasted for the longest period was his first marriage to his college friend Justine Musk. Elon and Justine studied together at Queens University, Canada. When Elon moved to Wharton for pursuing his higher studies, he kept sending her roses regularly. Their relationship survived even during the turbulent times when Elon was struggling to establish his first company Zig2 and Justine was making every effort to launch her first book.

How Many Children does Elon Musk have?

Elon Musk is the father of ten children from three different women. Elon and his first wife Jennifer are together parents to six children. Their eldest son died in the 10th week of his birth due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). This gave them such a shock that they decided to go for Invitro Fertilization (IVF) when they decided to try to become parents again.
In the year 2004, Justine and Elon became parents to two twin sons – Xavier and Griffin. Xavier after attaining a majority turned into a transgender and applied for a change of name and gender from male to female. The reason cited by her was that she doesn’t want to be anyhow related to her natural father and wanted to adopt his mother’s last name instead of his father. Griffin, on the contrary, is very close to his father. Soon after two years, Justine and Elon welcomed their triplets Kai, Saxon, and Damian 2006. 

March 1, 2023 0 comment
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BiographyKnowledge BasePolitical

Jawaharlal Nehru Biography – The First Prime Minister of India: Wiki, Early Life, Family, Education and Political Journey

by shubham February 22, 2023
written by shubham

Jawahar Lal Nehru’s Biography

Jawaharlal Nehru’s birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day in India. He was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. He was the first Prime Minister of independent India and a leader of India’s nationalist movement. Here, we are providing a short biography on Jawaharlal Nehru depicting his early life, family, education, political journey, and works.

Jawaharlal Nehru Wiki Profile

CriteriaDetails
Born on14 November 1889
Died on27 May 1964
Place of DeathNew Delhi
Cause of DeathHeart attack
Place of BirthAllahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Father’s NameMotilal Nehru
Mother’s NameSwarup Rani Nehru
SpouseKamala Nehru
ChildrenIndira Gandhi
EducationTrinity College, Cambridge; Harrow School, London; Inns of Court School of Law, London
OccupationBarrister, Writer, and Politician
Political partyIndian National Congress
Political IdeologySocialism,  Nationalism, Democracy
AwardBharat Ratna
Publications/WorksThe Discovery of India, Jawaharlal Nehru’s Autobiography, Glimpses of World History, Letters from a Father to his Daughter, etc.
MemorialShantivan, New Delhi

Nehru’s Childhood and Early Age:

He grew up in a privileged atmosphere in rich homes. His father trained him by private governesses and tutors. Nehru became interested in science and theosophy under the influence of Ferdinand T. Brooks’ tutelage. At the age of thirteen, family friend Annie Besant subsequently introduced him to the Theosophical Society. For nearly three years Brooks was with me and in some ways, he influenced me greatly.

Jawahar Lal Nehru Education:

In October 1907, Nehru visited Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated with an honours degree in science in 1910. He also studied politics, economics, history, and literature with little interest during this time. Most of his political and financial philosophy was molded by the writings of Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, John Maynard Keynes, Bertrand Russell, Lowes Dickinson, and Meredith Townsend.

After completing his degree in 1910, Nehru moved to London and studied law at the Inner Temple Inn. During this period, including Beatrice Webb, he continued to research the Fabian Society scholars. He was called to the Bar in 1912.

Also Read:

List of Prime Minister of India

Biography of Sandeep Maheshwari

Jawaharlal Nehru: Political Journey

– He attended the Bankipore Congress as a delegate in 1912.

– In 1919, he became the Secretary of the Home Rule League, Allahabad.

– In 1916, the first time he met with Mahatma Gandhi, and was immensely inspired by him.

– In 1920, he organised the first Kisan March in the Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh.

– Due to the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), he was imprisoned twice.

– In September 1923, he became the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee.

– In 1926, he toured Italy, Switzerland, England, Belgium, Germany, and Russia.

– As an official delegate of the Indian National Congress, he had attended the Congress of oppressed Nationalities in Brussels in Belgium.

– In 1927, he attended the tenth-anniversary celebrations of the October Socialist Revolution in Moscow.

– During the Simon Commission in 1928, he was lathi-charged in Lucknow.

– He attended the All-Party Congress on 29 August 1928 and was one of the signatories to the Nehru Report on Indian Constitutional Reform that was named after his father Shri Motilal Nehru.

– In 1928, he founded the ‘Independence for India League’ and became its General Secretary.

– He was elected the President of the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929. In this session only, the complete goal for the independence of the country was adopted.

– During 1930-35, he was imprisoned several times, due to the connection with Salt Satyagraha and other movements launched by the Congress.

– On 14 February 1935, he had completed his ‘Autobiography’ in Almora Jail.

– After releasing from jail, he went to Switzerland to see his ailing wife.

– He was again arrested for offering an individual Satyagraha on 31 October, 1940 to protest against India’s forced participation in the war.

– In December 1941, he was released from jail.

– At the ‘All India Congress Committee’ session in Bombay on 7 August, 1942, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru moved the ‘Quit India’ resolution.

– He was arrested with other leaders on 8 August, 1942 and taken to Ahmednagar Fort. This was the longest and his last detention.

– He was released from Jail in January 1945 and organised a legal defence for officers and men of the INA charged with treason.

– In July, 1946, for the fourth time, he was elected as the President of the Congress and again for three more terms from 1951 to 1954.

In this way, he became the first Prime Minister of independent India. He was the first Prime Minister to hoist the national flag and make his iconic speech “Tryst with Destiny” from the ramparts of the Lal Quilla (Red Fort).

Jawaharlal Nehru Major Works after becoming the Prime Minister of India

  • He imparted contemporary values and philosophy.
  • He focused on a liberal, secular attitude.
  • He concentrated on India’s fundamental unity.
  • By adopting the first five-year plans in 1951, he promoted democratic socialism and encouraged India’s industrialization.
  • By fostering higher learning, it helped in the growth of science and technology.
  • Initiated several social changes as well, such as free lunches for Indian children, free public education, legal rights for women, such as the right to inherit property and laws banning caste-based discrimination, the freedom to divorce their spouses etc.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Legacy

He believed in pluralism, socialism, liberalism, and democracy. He had an immense love for children and so, his birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day in India. He supported and generated a way for India’s education by envisioning the top tier institutions of India including the Indian Institute of Technology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and India’s first Space Program, etc.

In fact, Shyam Benegal created a TV series “Bharat Ek Khoj” that was based on Jawaharlal Nehru’s famous book, Discovery of India. In Richard Attenborough’s biopic ‘Gandhi’ and Ketan Mehta’s ‘Sardar’, Jawaharlal Nehru was featured as a prominent character.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Death

On 27 May 1964, he died due to a heart attack. He was cremated at the Shantivan on the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi.

FAQs reladed Jawahar Lal Nehru

When was Jawaharlal Nehru born?

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November, 1889 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh into an affluent Kashmiri Brahman family.

From where did Jawaharlal Nehru complete his studies as a barrister?

At the Inner Temple, London, Jawaharlal Nehru had completed his studies for a barrister.

When did Jawaharlal Nehru get married?

Jawaharlal Nehru got married in 1916 to Kamala Kaul and settled in Delhi. In 1917, Indira Priyadarshini (Indira Gandhi) was born.

When did Jawaharlal Nehru first time meet Mahatma Gandhi?

Jawaharlal Nehru in 1916 met first time Mahatma Gandhi and was immensely inspired by him.

February 22, 2023 0 comment
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Knowledge BaseExtra

Awards In India – Sports & Literature, Gallantry And Civilian Awards

by shubham February 22, 2023
written by shubham

Awards In India

Awards are tokens of recognition, honour & respect towards people for their notable & remarkable societal achievements. These national awards are announced by the government of India to individuals for their impeccable contributions or performances in various fields regardless of their religion, age, caste, occupation etc. Here, we are explaining the list of awards in India under different categories, including Civilian Awards, Gallantry Awards and National Awards.

Here are India’s most popular types of awards:

  1. Civilian Awards
  2. Gallantry Awards
  3. National Sports Awards in India

List of Awards in India: Civilian Awards

The Civilian awards were founded in 1954 to recognise people with commendable accomplishments in their respective work areas. The Indian President acknowledges these awards to the awardees on Republic Day. Civilian awards are divided as per the degree of honour. 

  • Bharat Ratna- First Degree of Honor
  • Padma Vibhushan- Second Degree of Honor
  • Padma Bhushan- Third Degree of Honor
  • Padma Shri- Fourth Degree of Honor

1. Bharat Ratna

On the list of Major National Awards in India, the first is Bharat Ratna. It is India’s highest civilian honor, bestowed on notable individuals for achievements in fields such as science, literature, the arts, public service, and sports.

Awards In India

Bharat Ratna literally means “Indian Jewel” or “Indian Gem.” The winners are recommended to the President by India’s Prime Minister. The recipients of this award receive a certificate signed by the President as well as a medallion in the shape of a peepal leaf. Without exception, the award honors extraordinary service or accomplishment of the highest level. Sachin Tendulkar, who is 40 years old, is the youngest recipient of the Bharat Ratna Award, while Dhondo Keshav Karve, who is 100 years old, is the oldest.

The Bharat Ratna awards will not be given out in 2020 or 2021 or 2022, hence we are presenting the list of Bharat Ratna Award recipients for 2019. The list will be updated by us if the Government Releases the list of awardees.

Name of the Bharat Ratna Award Recipient- 2019Field of the Recipient
Nanaji DeshmukhSocial Activist   Member of RSS A leader of Bharatiya Jana Sangh Also, Padma Vibhushan recipient of 1999.
Bhupen HazarikaKnown as Sudhakantha.   Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet and filmmaker.
Pranab MukherjeeIndian Politician, Served as 13th Indian President-2009-2012

2. Padma Vibhushan

Padma Awards are divided into three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri. A total of seven Padma Vibhushans, ten Padma Bhushan. For the year 2022, the  Padam Awards have been bestowed on 178 individuals from various filed. Here is the complete list of Padma Awards.

In India, recipients of the Padma Awards are often recommended by an award committee comprised of state governments, union territory administrations, central ministries, or excellence institutions, among others. The awards are handed after the Home Minister, Prime Minister, and President has given their assent to the Awards Committee’s recommendations. The President of India presents these honors, and the names of the award recipients for the year 2021 are listed here. Continue reading to learn more.

Next on the list of majors National Awards, is the Padma Vibhushan  It is India’s second-highest civilian honor. The award is given to persons who have made outstanding contributions in sectors such as social work, public affairs, medicine, literature, sports, and civil service, among others. Every year on Republic Day, the prize recipients are announced.

The following is a list of Padma Vibhushan recipients and the fields in which they excelled:

For the year of 2022 the list is as follows:

NameFieldState/Country
Ms. Prabha AtreArtMaharashtra
Shri Radheyshyam Khemka (Posthumous)Literature and EducationU.P.
General Bipin Rawat (Posthumous)Civil ServiceUttarakhand
Shri Kalyan Singh (Posthumous)Public AffairsUttar Pradesh

For 2021 the list is as follows:

SI.No.Padma Vibhushan RecipientsFieldState/ Country
1Shri Shinzo AbePublic AffairsJapan
2Shri S P Balasubramaniam
(Posthumous)
ArtTamil Nadu
3Dr. Belle Monappa HegdeMedicineKarnataka
4Shri Narinder Singh Kapany
(Posthumous)
Science and EngineeringUSA
5Maulana Wahiduddin KhanOthers- SpiritualismDelhi
6Shri B. B. LalOthers- ArchaeologyDelhi
7Shri Sudarshan SahooArtOdisha

Read more: Biography of Amit Shah

Biography of Sandeep Maheshwari

3. Padma Bhushan

Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian honor, and it, like other awards, is given to persons who have made outstanding contributions in their professions.

List Of Padma Bhushan

NameFieldState/Country
Shri Ghulam Nabi AzadPublic AffairsJammu and Kashmir
Shri Victor BanerjeeArtWest Bengal
Ms. Gurmeet Bawa (Posthumous)ArtPunjab
Shri Buddhadeb BhattacharjeePublic AffairsWest Bengal
Shri Natarajan ChandrasekaranTrade and IndustryMaharashtra
Shri Krishna Ella andSmt. Suchitra Ella* (Duo)Trade and IndustryTelangana
Ms. Madhur JafferyOthers-CulinaryUSA
Shri Devendra JhajhariaSportsRajasthan
Shri Rashid KhanArtUttar Pradesh
Shri Rajiv MehrishiCivil ServiceRajasthan
Shri Satya Narayana NadellaTrade and IndustryUSA
Shri Sundararajan PichaiTrade and IndustryUSA
Shri Cyrus PoonawallaTrade and IndustryMaharashtra
Shri Sanjaya Rajaram (Posthumous)Sci and EnggMexico
Ms. Pratibha RayLiterature and EducationOdisha
Swami SachidanandLiterature and EducationGujarat
Shri Vashishth TripathiLiterature and EducationUttar Pradesh

4. Padma Shri

In the order of rank, Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award. This award is conferred to people for achievements in any field including the service rendered by the Government employees.

List Of Some Padma Shri Awards for 2022

NameFieldState/Country
Shri Prahlad Rai AgarwalTrade and IndustryWest Bengal
Prof. Najma AkhtarLiterature and EducationDelhi
Shri Sumit AntilSportsHaryana
Shri T Senka AoLiterature and EducationNagaland
Ms. Kamalini Asthana andMs. Nalini Asthana* (Duo)ArtUttar Pradesh
Shri Subbanna AyyappanScience and EngineeringKarnataka
Shri J K BajajLiterature and EducationDelhi
Shri Sirpi BalasubramaniamLiterature and EducationTamil Nadu
Srimad Baba BaliaSocial WorkOdisha
Ms. Sanghamitra BandyopadhyayScience and EngineeringWest Bengal
Ms. Madhuri BarthwalArtUttarakhand
Shri Akhone Asgar Ali BasharatLiterature and EducationLadakh
Dr. Himmatrao BawaskarMedicineMaharashtra
Shri Harmohinder Singh BediLiterature and EducationPunjab
Shri Pramod BhagatSportsOdisha
Shri S Ballesh BhajantriArtTamil Nadu
Shri Khandu Wangchuk BhutiaArtSikkim
Shri Maria Christopher ByrskiLiterature and EducationPoland

List of Awards in India: Gallantry Award

Gallantry awards are given two times in the year, first, on Independence Day while second on Republic Day. Among the list of awards in India, these awards are given by the Government of India to honour personnel of the Indian Armed Forces for their bravery and sacrifices towards the country.

Take a look at the gallantry award list below-mentioned here:

  • Param Vir Chakra
  • Kirti Chakra
  • Vir Chakra
  • Mahavir Chakra
  • Ashoka Chakra
  • Shaurya Chakra

1. Param Vir Chakra

This award is considered the highest military award in India which is awarded to a soldier for his outstanding bravery, skills & courage at the time of war. These awards were introduced on January 26, 1950. The award refers to the “Wheel of the Ultimate Brave”.

2. Mahavir Chakra

It is the second most popular & highest military award in India after followed by Param Vir Chakra, which is awarded to the soldiers for showing exceptional gallantry & bravery while facing enemies in the wars, whether on land, sea or in the air.

3. Vir Chakra

Vir Chakra is the third highest & most known military award in India, which is granted to soldiers and army officers for bravery while fighting the enemy on the land, sea or air.

4. Ashoka Chakra

This award came into existence in 1952. It was renamed in 1967 to honour the noticeable acts of courage & gallantry on the battlefield while facing the enemy on land, sea or in the air.

5. Kirti Chakra

The Kirti Chakra award was founded in 1952. From January 27, 1967, it started known as Kirti Chakra.

6. Shaurya Chakra

This Indian military award is conferred to army personnel and a civilian for bravery or sacrifice while not indulging in any direct course of actions with the enemy.

List of National Awards in India:

Apart from these Civilian and Gallantry awards, the list of awards in India also includes several National Awards in various categories such as Sports, Cinema, and Literature. Here are some of the National Awards in India:

  • Dadasaheb Phalke Award
  • Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace & Development
  • Gandhi Peace Prize
  • Bhartiya Jnanpith Award
  • Sahitya Akademi Award

1. Dadasaheb Phalke Award

This is the National award given to a film personality for their remarkable works towards the development of Indian cinema. Dadasaheb Phalke is popularly recognised as the Father of Cinema in India, and therefore, the renowned national award is known in his remembrance.

2. Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace & Development

The renowned award was founded in 1985 to honour individuals for their outstanding works for international peace and development.

3. Bhartiya Jnanpith Award

It is the most popular literary award in India, which Bharatiya Jnanpith instituted in 1961. This award is honoured to those who have delivered noticeable works in literature.

4. Sahitya Akademi Award

Founded in 1954 by the government of India, gives these awards to the writers of exceptional books of literary merit.

5. Gandhi Peace Prize

Came into existence on October 2, 1994; the award was given to promote the importance of Gandhi’s values worldwide.

The national awards 2022 winners list:

  • Dadasaheb Phalke Award – Asha Parekh 
  • Bhartiya Jnanpith Award – Damodar Mauzo (Konkani)

FAQs Related to Awards In India

1. Name the highest civilian award in India.

Bharat Ratna is known as the most popular & highest award in the country in the civilian category.

2. Name the Highest Sports Award in India.

Khel Ratna is the most popular and highest award in India for sports.

How many Bharat Ratna winners are there?

Till 2022, there are 48 Bharat Ratna recipients.

Who got Bharat Ratna 2022?

No one received the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, for 2022. The Padma Awards, however, were given to 128 winners in total.

Who is the first woman Bharat Ratna award?

As India’s first female prime minister, Indira Gandhi was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1971.

Who was the first Bharat Ratna award winner?

In 1954, the first Bharat Ratna was given to Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, Sir C.V. Raman, and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari.

February 22, 2023 0 comment
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BiographyKnowledge BasePolitical

Vladimir Putin Biography: DOB, Family, Awards, Political Career, Facts, Wiki Profile

by shubham February 13, 2023
written by shubham

Vladimir Putin Biography

Vladimir Putin was born in 1952 in Leningrad, U.S.S.R, and now is known as St. Peterburg, Russia. He served around 15 years in the KGB. Currently, he is the President of Russia and is the second-longest current serving European president after Alexander Lukashenko. He was also the Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012.

Vladimir Putin Wiki Profile

Born7 October 1952
Place of BirthLeningrad, Russia, U.S.S.R (now St. Petersburg, Russia)
Age71 (as of 2023)
Parent(s)Father: Vladimir Spiridonovich PutinMother: Maria Ivanovna Putina
Spouse(s)   Lyudmila Shkrebneva
ChildrenMaria, and Katerina
Alma materSaint Petersburg State University (LLB)
Saint Petersburg Mining Institute (Ph.D.)
Title / OfficePresident (2012-Present), Russia Prime Minister (2008-2012), Russia President (2000-2008), Russia Prime Minister (1999-2000), Russia 
Political partyIndependent (1991–1995; 2001–2008; 2012–present)
Other political
affiliations
People’s Front (2011)
United Russia (2008–2012)
Unity (1999–2001)
Our Home – Russia (1995–1999)
CPSU (1975–1991)

Putin’s Early career

Vladimir Putin studied law at Leningrad State University, where his tutor was Anatoly Sobchak, later one of the leading reform politicians of the perestroika period. Putin served 15 years as a foreign intelligence officer for the KGB (Committee for State Security), including six years in Dresden, East Germany. In 1990 he retired from active KGB service with the rank of lieutenant colonel and returned to Russia to become prorector of Leningrad State University with responsibility for the institution’s external relations. Soon afterward Putin became an adviser to Sobchak, the first democratically elected mayor of St. Petersburg. He quickly won Sobchak’s confidence and became known for his ability to get things done; by 1994 he had risen to the post of first deputy mayor.

In 1996 Putin moved to Moscow, where he joined the presidential staff as deputy to Pavel Borodin, the Kremlin’s chief administrator. Putin grew close to fellow Leningrader Anatoly Chubais and moved up in administrative positions. In July 1998 Pres. Boris Yeltsin made Putin director of the Federal Security Service (FSB; the KGB’s domestic successor), and shortly thereafter he became secretary of the influential Security Council. Yeltsin, who was searching for an heir to assume his mantle, appointed Putin prime minister in 1999.

More read: Biography of Narendra Modi

Biography of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Vladimir Putin as Prime Minister (2008-2012)

In March 2008, Dmitry Medvedev won the presidential election, and Putin was announced to be the chairman of the United Russia Party. Medvedev nominated Vladimir Putin as the country’s Prime Minister within hours of taking office on 7 May 2008. 

On 24 September 2011, at the United Russia Congress in Moscow, Medvedev officially proposed that Putin stand for the Presidency in 2012. This offer was accepted by Putin. However, on 4 March 2012, Putin was elected to a third term as the President of Russia. He resigned as United Russia chairman and handed control of the party to Medvedev. On 7 May 2012. Putin was inaugurated as President and one of his first acts after assuming office was to nominate Medvedev to serve as Prime Minister. 

Vladimir Putin’s Third Presidential Term (2012-2018)

His first year the office was characterised by a largely successful effort to stifle the protest movement. Leaders in opposition were jailed and nongovernmental organisations that received funding from abroad were labeled as “foreign agents”. In June 2013, tensions with the United States flared when U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden sought refuge in Russia after revealing the existence of a number of secret NSA programmes. 

In Russia, Snowden was allowed on the condition that, in Putin’s words, he stop “bringing harm to our American partners.” In August 2013, an attack of chemical weapons took place outside Damascus made the U.S the case for military intervention in the Syrian Civil War. In an editorial published in the New York Times, Putin urged restraint, and U.S and Russian officials brokered a deal in which Syria’s chemical weapons supply would be destroyed.

In December 2013, Putin commemorated the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the post-Soviet Constitution and ordered the release of some 25,000 individuals from Russian prisons. Also, he granted a pardon to Mikhail Khodorkovsky who was the former head of Yuko’s oil conglomerate. He was imprisoned for more than a decade.

Vladimir Putin’s Fourth Presidential Term (2018-Present)

In 2018, he won the presidential election with more than 76% votes. On 7 May 2018, his fourth term began and will last until 2024. Also, on the same day, he invited Dmitry Medvedev to form a new government. He took part in the opening of the movement along the highway section of the Crimean bridge on 15 May 2018. He signed decrees on the composition of the new Government on 18 May 2018. He further announced that he would not run for president in 2024 on 25 May 2018. He opened the 21st FIFA World Cup on 14 June 2018 and it took place in Russia for the first time. 

Vladimir Putin Awards & Honours

Civilian Awards presented by various countries

DateCountryDecoration
28 May 2019KazakhstanNursultan Nazarbayev awards Order of Yelbasy
8 June 2018ChinaOrder of Friendship
22 November 2017KyrgyzstanOrder of Manas
3 October 2017TurkmenistanOrder “For contribution to the development of cooperation”
16 October 2014SerbiaOrder of the Republic of Serbia
11 July 2014CubaOrder of José Martí
4 October 2013MonacoOrder of Saint-Charles
2 April 2010VenezuelaOrder of the Liberator
10 September 2007UAEOrder of Zayed
12 February 2007Saudi Arabia    Order of Abdulaziz al Saud
2007TajikistanOrder of Ismoili Somoni
22 September 2006FranceLégion d’honneur
2004KazakhstanOrder of the Golden Eagle
7 March 2001VietnamOrder of Ho Chi Minh

Other awards are as follows

2006Order of Sheikh ul-Islam
24 March 2011Order of Saint Sava
15 November 2011Confucius Peace Prize
2015Angel of Peace Medal
YearAward/Recognition
2007Time: Person of the Year
December 2007Expert: Person of the Year (A Russian business-oriented weekly magazine named Putin as its Person of the Year)
5 October 2008Vladimir Putin Avenue (The capital of Russia’s Republic of Chechnya, the central street of Grozny was renamed from the Victory Avenue to Vladimir Putin Avenue)
February 2011Vladimir Putin Peak (The parliament of Kyrgyzstan named a peak in Tian Shan mountains Vladimir Putin Peak)

FAQs Related to Vladimir Putin

Where does Vladimir Putin live?

Vladimir Putin Lives In Novo-Ogaryovo, Saint Petersburg.

How many times has Vladimir Putin been married?

Vladimir Putin Married Lyudmila Shkrebnev In July 1983. They Have Two Daughters Namely Maria And Katerina. In June 2013, Putin Announced That Their Marriage Was Over.

Who is Vladimir Putin?

Currently, Vladimir Putin Is The President Of Russia And Is The Second-Longest Current Serving European President After Alexander Lukashenko. He Was Also The Prime Minister From 1999 To 2000 And Again From 2008 To 2012.

February 13, 2023 0 comment
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Prime Ministers of India
Knowledge Base

List of Prime Ministers of India (1990-2023) and their journey

by Aditya February 6, 2023
written by Aditya

Prime Ministers of India

Prime Ministers of India
Prime Ministers of India
  • Chandra Shekhar (1990-1991)
  • P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)
  • Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996, 1998-2004)
  • H. D. Deve Gowda (1996-1997)
  • Inder Kumar Gujral (1997-1998)
  • Dr. Manmohan Singh (2004-2014)
  • Narendra Modi (26th May-incumbent)

“List of Prime Ministers of india (1990-2023) and their journey”

Chandra Shekhar (1990-1991)

Chandra Shekhar (17 April 1927 – 8 July 2007) was an Indian lawmaker who filled in as the 8 State leader of India from 1990 to 1991. He began his political career as a member of the socialist Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP) and later joined the Janata Dal, a regional political party. He rose to prominence as a leader of the socialist movement in India, and was a Member of Parliament for several terms, serving as the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha (lower house of Indian parliament)

In 1990, after the resignation of Prime Minister V.P. Singh, Chandra Shekhar became the Prime minister, leading a minority government with the support of the Congress party. He faced many challenges during his tenure, including political instability and economic difficulties. He also had to deal with the separatist movements in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. He attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the issue of Punjab but was unable to reach a lasting solution.

Despite his efforts, his government was criticized for its lack of progress on economic reform and for its inability to address rising communal tensions. After losing a vote of no-confidence in the Lok Sabha, he resigned as Prime Minister in 1991.

After his resignation, Chandra Shekhar continued to be active in politics and served as a Member of Parliament for several more terms. He also formed his own political party, the Samajwadi Janata Party, but it failed to gain significant support. He died on 8 July 2007 due to multiple organ failure.

P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)

P. V. Narasimha Rao

Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004) was an Indian 9th lawmaker (1991 to 1996). He was a member of the Indian National Congress party and served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and as a Union Cabinet Minister under Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi.

In 1991, after the resignation of Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar, Rao became the Prime Minister leading a minority government with the support of several regional parties. He faced many challenges during his tenure, including political instability and economic difficulties. He is widely credited with initiating economic liberalization in India, dismantling the Licence Raj, a system of bureaucratic regulations and controls that stifled economic growth, and opening up the economy to foreign investment. He also initiated the process of reforms in the Indian banking system, telecommunications and many other sectors.

Rao’s government also faced many controversies, including the Babri Masjid demolition, an event in which a 16th-century mosque in Ayodhya was destroyed by Hindu nationalist mobs, leading to widespread rioting and communal violence. Despite these challenges, Rao’s government is remembered for its efforts to modernize and liberalize the Indian economy, and for its efforts to improve relations with other countries, particularly the United States.

After losing the 1996 general elections, Rao resigned as Prime Minister, he continued to be active in politics and served as a Member of Parliament for several more terms. He died on 23 December 2004 due to a heart attack.

Also Read>>Top 5 Foreigner Indian love story and marriage

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996, 1998-2004)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician who served as the 10th Prime Minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996 and then for a full term from 1998 to 2004. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a right-wing political party and served as the Minister of External Affairs under Prime Minister Morarji Desai.

Vajpayee first became the Prime Minister in 1996, leading a coalition government but his government was short lived and he had to resign after 13 days as he was unable to prove majority in the parliament. He again became the Prime Minister in 1998, leading a coalition government with the support of several regional parties. During his tenure, Vajpayee’s government focused on economic liberalization, infrastructure development, and efforts to improve relations with Pakistan and China. His government also initiated a number of social welfare programs, including the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, a program aimed at universalizing primary education in India.

Vajpayee’s government is also remembered for its efforts to improve India’s relations with other countries, particularly the United States. He also initiated the ‘Look East Policy’ which aimed to strengthen India’s relations with countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

One of the major initiatives taken by his government was the Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, which led to international sanctions against India but also established India as a nuclear power.

Vajpayee’s government was also marked by controversy, including the Gujarat riots of 2002, a period of communal violence in the Indian state of Gujarat. Despite these controversies, Vajpayee’s government is widely credited with stabilizing the Indian economy, and for its efforts to improve relations with other countries.

Vajpayee resigned as Prime Minister in 2004 after his coalition government lost the general elections. He continued to be active in politics and served as a Member of Parliament for several more terms. He died on August 16, 2018, due to age-related illnesses.

H. D. Deve Gowda (1996-1997)

H. D. Deve Gowda

H. D. Deve Gowda (born 18 May 1933) is an Indian politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of India, from June 1996 to April 1997. He is a member of the Janata Dal (Secular) party, a regional political party based in the southern state of KarnATAKA. Before becoming Prime Minister, he served as the Chief Minister of KarnATAKA, and as a Member of Parliament.

In 1996, Deve Gowda became the Prime Minister leading a coalition government with the support of several regional parties, after the United Front, a coalition of parties, won the general elections. His government faced many challenges during its tenure, including political instability and economic difficulties. Despite these challenges, Deve Gowda’s government is credited with initiating a number of development projects, including the Golden Quadrilateral project, which aimed to connect India’s major cities through a network of highways.

Deve Gowda’s government was also marked by controversy, including the rising tensions between coalition partners and internal dissent. Despite these controversies, his government is widely credited with stabilizing the Indian economy and for its efforts to improve relations with other countries.

Deve Gowda resigned as Prime Minister in April 1997 after his coalition government lost the support of its allies. He continued to be active in politics and served as a Member of Parliament for several more terms. He also served as the President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. Now he is active as a Member of Parliament and also as a leader of his party.

Inder Kumar Gujral (1997-1998)

Inder Kumar Gujral (4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012) was an Indian politician who served as the 12th PM of India from (Apr 1997 to Mar 1998). He was a member of the Janata Dal party and served as the Minister of External Affairs under Prime Ministers V. P. Singh and H. D. Deve Gowda.

In 1997, Gujral became the Prime Minister leading a coalition government with the support of several regional parties, after the United Front, a coalition of parties, won the general elections. His government focused on economic liberalization, infrastructure development and efforts to improve relations with Pakistan and other neighboring countries. His government was also marked by its efforts to improve relations with other countries, particularly the United States and the Soviet Union.

One of the major initiatives taken by his government was the Gujral Doctrine, a set of principles for improving relations with India’s neighboring countries, which emphasized non-reciprocity in relations and mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity.

Gujral’s government was also marked by controversy, including the rising tensions between coalition partners and internal dissent. Despite these controversies, his government is widely credited with stabilizing the Indian economy and for its efforts to improve relations with other countries.

Gujral resigned as Prime Minister in March 1998 after his coalition government lost the support of its allies. He continued to be active in politics and served as a Member of Parliament for several more terms. He also served as the President of the Janata Dal party. He died on November 30, 2012, due to age-related illness.

Manmohan Singh (2004-2014)

Manmohan Singh (born 26 September 1932) is an Indian economist and politician who served as the 13th PM of India (2004 -2014). He was a member of the Indian National Congress party and served as the Governor of Reserve Bank of India and as the finance minister under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao.

In 2004, Manmohan Singh became the Prime Minister leading a coalition government with the support of several regional parties, after the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) a coalition led by the Indian National Congress, won the general elections. His government focused on economic growth, poverty reduction, and infrastructure development. His government also initiated a number of social welfare programs, including the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, which aimed to provide employment for rural households, and the Right to Information Act, which aimed to increase transparency and accountability in the government.

Manmohan Singh’s government is also remembered for its efforts to improve relations with other countries, particularly the United States, and for its efforts to address the issues of climate change and energy security.

Manmohan Singh’s government was also marked by controversy, including rising food prices, rising inflation, and several corruption scandals. Despite these controversies, his government is widely credited with stabilizing the Indian economy and for its efforts to improve relations with other countries.

Narendra Modi (26th May-incumbent)

Narendra Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the 14th and current Prime Minister of India since 2014. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a right-wing political party, and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization. He previously served as the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014.Modi first came to national prominence as the Chief Minister of Gujarat, where he implemented policies aimed at attracting investment and promoting economic growth. He is credited with transforming Gujarat into one of India’s most developed states.

He was elected as the Prime Minister of India in May 2014, leading the Bharatiya Janata Party to a historic victory in the general elections.As Prime Minister, Modi has focused on economic development and job creation, through initiatives such as Make in India, Digital India, and Skill India. He has also emphasized infrastructure development, including the construction of highways, airports, and ports. He has also focused on improving relations with other countries, particularly the United States and China, and has sought to increase India’s global influence.Modi has also been known for his efforts to improve the lives of the poor and underprivileged through various welfare schemes, such as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, which aims to provide financial inclusion to the poor.

Modi’s tenure as Prime Minister has also been marked by several controversies and criticism. One of the major criticisms of his government is the handling of the economy, particularly the demonetization moves in 2016, where the government abruptly removed high-value currency notes from circulation in an effort to curb black money and corruption, which led to widespread disruptions and economic slowdown.Additionally, Modi’s government has also been criticized for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the handling of farmers’ protests in 2020-2021. There have also been concerns regarding the government’s handling of civil liberties, particularly the freedom of speech and the press, as well as its handling of religious and communal tensions in the country.Despite these controversies, Modi remains a popular figure in India and is widely credited for his efforts to improve the country’s economy and infrastructure, as well as his efforts to promote India’s image on the global stage. He was re-elected as the Prime Minister in 2019 and continues to serve in that role.

Also Read>> List of Prime Ministers of India (1947-1990) and Their Journey

Also Read>>These are the 10 most Powerful women in Indian politics

February 6, 2023 0 comment
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Knowledge Base

List of Prime Ministers of India (1947-1990) and Their Journey

by Aditya January 22, 2023
written by Aditya
  1. Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-1964)
  2. Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-1966)
  3. Indira Gandhi (1966-1977, 1980-1984)
  4. Morarji Desai (1977-1979)
  5. Charan Singh (1979-1980)
  6. Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989)
  7. V. P. Singh (1989-1990)

List of Prime Ministers of India (1947-1990)

Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-1964)

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India, serving from 1947 until his death in 1964. He was a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence, and is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state. Nehru was a member of the Indian National Congress, and was a close ally of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian independence movement. He was also a writer, and his autobiography, “Toward Freedom,” is considered a classic in political literature. Nehru was a staunch secularist and a socialist, and his policies laid the foundation for a mixed economy and a welfare state in India. His daughter Indira Gandhi also served as Prime Minister of India.

Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-1966)

Lal Bahadur Shashtri

Lal Bahadur Shastri (2 October 1904 – 11 January 1966) was the second Prime Minister of India, serving from 1964 until his death in 1966. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and a close associate of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister. Shastri was known for his simple lifestyle and his commitment to non-violence. He led India during the 1965 war with Pakistan and was known for his slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan” (Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer).

Shastri’s government implemented several policies that had a lasting impact on India, such as the “Green Revolution” which increased food production and made India self-sufficient in food grains, the National Extension Service which expanded education and healthcare in rural areas, and the Community Development Programme which aimed to improve living standards in villages.

Shastri’s death was sudden and mysterious, it is still debated whether it was a heart attack or he was poisoned. Despite his short tenure, Shastri’s legacy is still remembered as one of integrity, simplicity and selflessness.

Also Read>>29 States of India With Capital  And Their Languages

Indira Gandhi (1966-1977, 1980-1984)

Indira Gandhi

Indira Gandhi (19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was the third Prime Minister of India, serving from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the first and, to date, the only woman to hold the office of Prime Minister in India. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister.

Gandhi came to power during a time of great political and economic instability in India. She implemented a number of policies aimed at modernizing and industrializing the country, including the nationalization of key industries such as coal, steel, and banking. She also oversaw the launch of the Green Revolution, which increased food production and made India self-sufficient in food grains.

Gandhi’s government also faced many challenges, including political and economic turmoil, as well as conflicts with Pakistan and internal dissent. She declared a state of emergency in 1975 which lasted for 21 months during which civil liberties were suspended and political opponents were arrested.

Gandhi was known for her strong leadership and her commitment to secularism and socialism. However, her rule was also marked by authoritarianism and human rights abuses. She was assassinated by two of her own bodyguards in 1984.

Morarji Desai (1977-1979)

Morarji Desai

Morarji Desai (29 February 1896 – 10 April 1995) was the fourth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1977 to 1979. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and a close associate of Jawaharlal Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri. Desai was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement, and served as the Chief Minister of Bombay State and as Deputy Prime Minister under Indira Gandhi.

Desai became the Prime Minister after the Janata Party, a coalition of parties opposed to the Congress Party, won the 1977 general elections. He was the first non-Congress prime minister to complete a full five-year term in office. He was known for his austere lifestyle and his commitment to Gandhian principles of non-violence and self-reliance.

Desai’s government implemented a number of policies aimed at reducing government intervention in the economy and promoting private enterprise. He also took steps to improve relations with Pakistan and China, and to resolve the long-standing dispute with Pakistan over the status of Kashmir.

Desai’s premiership was marked by political turmoil and economic difficulties, and his government was plagued by infighting and corruption scandals. He resigned in 1979 after losing a vote of no-confidence in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament.

Charan Singh (1979-1980)

Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) was the fifth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1979 to 1980. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and later joined the Bharatiya Lok Dal, a regional political party based in Uttar Pradesh. He served as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and as the Deputy Prime Minister of India under Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai.

Charan Singh became the Prime Minister after the Janata Party, a coalition of parties opposed to the Congress Party, won the general elections in 1977 and Desai resigned in 1979. He was the first person from the Jat community, an agricultural community from northern India, to become Prime Minister of India.

Charan Singh’s premiership was short-lived as he was unable to prove a majority in the parliament and resigned after few months. During his premiership, he attempted to address issues of farmers, such as increasing their income and addressing their debt problem. He also attempted to reduce government intervention in the economy and promote private enterprise. He also attempted to improve relations with Pakistan and China.

Charan Singh’s premiership was marked by political turmoil and economic difficulties, his government was plagued by infighting and corruption scandals. He resigned after few months and the next election was held soon after.

Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989)

Rajiv Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the sixth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He was the eldest son of Indira Gandhi, India’s third Prime Minister, and the grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister. He was a member of the Indian National Congress party.

Rajiv Gandhi came to power after his mother, Indira Gandhi, was assassinated in 1984. He was the youngest Prime Minister in India’s history at the time, at the age of 40. During his premiership, he attempted to modernize and liberalize the Indian economy, and his government implemented policies to encourage foreign investment and technology transfer. He also played a key role in ending the Sri Lankan Civil War by signing the Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord.

Rajiv Gandhi’s government was also faced with several controversies such as the Bofors scandal, an alleged corruption case involving the sale of artillery to the Indian army and the Shah Bano case, a legal dispute involving the maintenance rights of a divorced Muslim woman. He lost the 1989 general election, and his party was defeated.

On May 21, 1991, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during an election campaign rally in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu.

V. P. Singh (1989-1990)

Vishwanath Pratap Singh (25 June 1931 – 27 November 2008), commonly known as V. P. Singh, was the seventh Prime Minister of India, serving from 1989 to 1990. He was a member of the Indian National Congress party and later founded the Janata Dal, a regional political party. He served as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and as the Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

Singh became the Prime Minister after the Janata Dal, in alliance with other parties, won the 1989 general elections. He was the first non-Congress Prime Minister to complete a full five-year term in office. He is widely remembered for his efforts to implement the Mandal Commission recommendations, which recommended reservation of 27% of government jobs for Other Backward Classes (OBCs)

Singh’s government was also faced with several controversies such as the Bofors scandal, an alleged corruption case involving the sale of artillery to the Indian army, and the Shah Bano case, a legal dispute involving the maintenance rights of a divorced Muslim woman. He lost the support of his own party and resigned in November 1990, he was succeeded by Chandra Shekhar.

Singh continued to be active in politics and later formed a new political party, the Jan Morcha, he also served as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament. He died on November 27, 2008, due to multiple organ failure.

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January 22, 2023 0 comment
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Knowledge Base

29 States of India and Their Meanings: Incredible India

by Editor September 3, 2022
written by Editor

**29 States of India and Their Meanings**

So let’s begin an adventure trip for those who don’t know the name of the 29 states of India according to alphabetical order…

29 States of India With Capital  And Their Languages

1. Andhra Pradesh (AP)

2. Arunachal Pradesh (AR)

3. Assam (AS)

4. Bihar (BR)

5. Chhattisgarh(CG)

6. Goa (GA)

7. Gujarat (GJ)

8. Haryana (HR)

9. Himachal Pradesh (HP)

10. Jammu and Kashmir (JK)

11. Jharkhand (JK)

12. Karnataka (KA)

13. Kerala (KL)

14. Madhya Pradesh (MP)

15. Maharashtra (MH)

16. Manipur (MN)

17. Meghalaya (ML)

18. Mizoram (MZ)

19. Nagaland (NL)

20. Odisha (OR)

21. Punjab (PB)

22. Rajasthan (RJ)

23. Sikkim (SK)

24. Tamil Nadu (TN)

25. Telangana (TS)

26. Tripura (TR)

27. Uttar Pradesh (UP)

28. Uttarakhand (UK)

29. West Bengal (WB)

Now you know the name of 29 states of India and also seen some amazing pictures related to origin of name of relative states.

Source: Quora

September 3, 2022 0 comment
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Knowledge Base

29 States of India With Capital  And Their Languages

by Editor September 3, 2022
written by Editor

>>>>29 States of India<<<<

1. Andhra Pradesh

Language-Telugu

Capital: Amaravati

2.Arunachal pradesh

Language– Bengali

Capital-itanagar

3.Assam

Language-Assamese

Capital-Dispur

4.Bihar

Language-Hindi(Bhojpuri & Magadh)

Capital -patna

5.Chattisgarh

Language-Hindi

Capital-Raipur

6. Goa

Language-Konkani

Capital – panaji

7. Gujarat

Language– Gujarati

Capital-Gandinagar

8. Haryana

Language-Hindi

Capital- chandigarh(shared with punjab)

9. Himachal pradesh

Language-Hindi

Capital – shimla

10. Jammu and Kashmir

Language– kashmiri

Capital-srinagar(summer), Jammu(winter)

11. Jharkhand

Language-Hindi

Capital-Ranchi

12. Karnataka

Language – kannada

Capital – Bengaluru(formerly – Bangalore)

13. Kerala

Language-Malayalam

Capital – Thiruvananthapuram

14. Madhya pradesh

Language-Hindi

Capital – Bhopal

15. Maharastra

Language-Marathi

Capital – Mumbai

16. Manipur

Language-Manipuri

Capital – Imphal

17. Meghalaya

Language – khasi

Capital – shillong

18. Mizoram

Language– Mizo

Capital – Aizawl

19. Nagaland

Language– English

Capital – kohima

20. Odisha

Language– odia

Capital – Bhuvaneswar

21. Punjab

Language-punjabi

Capital – chandigarh

22. Rajasthan

Language– Hindi

Capital – jaipur

23. Sikkim

Language– Nepali

Capital – Gangtok

24. Tamil Nadu

Language – Tamil

Capital – Chennai

25. Telangana

Language– Telugu

Capital – Hyderabad (from June 2nd, 2014 shared with Andhra pradesh)

26. Tripura

Language– Bengali, kokborak

Capital – Agartala

27. Uttar pradesh

Language-Hindi

Capital – Lucknow

28. Uttarkhand

Language-Hindi

Capital – Dehradun

29. West bengal

Language– Bengali

Capital – Kolkata

September 3, 2022 0 comment
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powerful women in Indian politics
ListKnowledge Base

These are the 10 most Powerful women in Indian politics

by Editor February 15, 2021
written by Editor

In our country, women are flagging success in every field. In the field of politics too, there are some powerful women in Indian politics whose big people bow before their strength. See 10 big women politicians of India in pictures.

Powerful women in Indian politics

Sushma Swaraj

External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj is one of the most powerful women in the country. PM Modi has also praised his work on several occasions. Opponents of Sushma’s speech arts also become convincing.

Sushma Swaraj
Sushma Swaraj

Sonia Gandhi

Congress president Sonia Gandhi will always be remembered in India’s history whenever powerful women are talked about. Sonia learned the nuances of politics from Indira Gandhi by becoming the daughter-in-law of the country’s largest political house from a small town in Italy. Nothing happens in the party without Sonia’s advice.

Sonia Gandhi
Sonia Gandhi

Smriti Irani

Human Resource Development Minister Smriti Irani is one of the powerful women in the country’s politics.

Smriti Irani
Smriti Irani

Sumitra Mahajan

Lok Sabha speaker Sumitra Mahajan is also one of the powerful women in the country. She is the second woman from India to hold this post.

Sumitra Mahajan
Sumitra Mahajan

Mayawati

If it is about UP politics, then it would be incomplete without Mayawati. Mayawati, who was a two-time chief minister of a big state like UP, is playing an important role in the country’s politics.

Mayawati
Mayawati

Mamata Banerjee

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee is one of the country’s big politicians. Mamta, known for her simplicity, has also been a Railway Minister in the NDA government.

Mamata Banerjee
Mamata Banerjee

Jai Lalitha

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jai Lalitha is also one of the powerful politicians of the country. Before joining politics, she was a popular actress and has worked in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada films as well as a Hindi film.

Jai Lalitha
Jai Lalitha

Vasundhara Raje

Vasundhara Raje is the first woman Chief Minister of Rajasthan. In 1987, Vasundhara became the vice-president of Rajasthan BJP, Raje was made Minister of State for External Affairs in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee cabinet in 1998-1999 given his hard work and style.

Vasundhara Raje
Vasundhara Raje

Mehbooba Mufti

Mehbooba Mufti is a Lok Sabha MP from Anantnag in Jammu and Kashmir. After the death of former Kashmir Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, he is a strong contender for the Chief Minister and may be crowned soon.

Mehbooba Mufti
Mehbooba Mufti

Anandi Ben

Anandi Ben is the Chief Minister of Gujarat, Anandiben became the Chief Minister of Gujarat after Modi became the Prime Minister.

Anandi Ben
Anandi Ben
February 15, 2021 0 comment
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